McDowell County Coal Scrip A-L

Algoma

Algoma Coal & Coke Co.

1890—1957

The Algoma Coal & Coke Co. opened and incorporated in 1890 (WV Sec. State, n.d.; “New Enterprises,” 1890). Most articles about this company mention the deaths of many mine employees here. I plan to add a list of all known miners who were killed in each mine in a later update, but let it be known—there were many.

This company mined only in Algoma Hollow for its entire 67-year existence. The Island Creek Coal Company purchased Algoma Coal & Coke Co. in 1957 and kept its mines going until 1965 (“Algoma WV,” n.d.).

Algoma Coal & Coke Co., Algoma 1¢ coal scrip. Obverse.

Anawalt

Peery & Gibson

1912—1920

Peery & Gibson operated a general store in Anawalt (Mercantile Agency, Sep. 1912, Sep. 1920), which presumably offered goods to miners in exchange for this “scrip.” Per the McDowell County historian, Mr. Jay Chapman, the store was connected to the Central Pocahontas Coal Company.

Peery & Gibson, Anawalt $1.00 coal scrip. Obverse.

Asco

Atlantic Smokeless Coal Co.

1918—1951

The Atlantic Smokeless Coal Company chartered in early 1918 in Davy (WV Sec. State, n.d.; “Capital News,” 1918). In 1920, it successfully petitioned a post office to open in its company town—named Asco after the company—and its first postmaster was R.E. Prockman (“Washington News,” 1920).

Information about the company or town itself is fairly sparse after this point, aside from injuries and deaths. It is known that the company dissolved in 1951 (WV Sec. State, n.d.).

Atlantic Smokeless Coal Co., Asco $1.00 coal scrip. Obverse.

Ashland

Ashland Coal & Coke Co.

1892—1981

Avondale

Garland Pocahontas Coal Co.

1917—1927

The Gardland Pocahontas Coal Company begins appearing in Dun & Bradstreet in Avondale in 1917 (Mercantile Agency, Sep. 1917). They are last mentioned in the newspaper in 1927, though I cannot be sure if this is when the company closed.

Garland Pocahontas Coal Co., Avondale $1.00 coal scrip. Obvserse.

Bartley

Pond Creek Pocahontas Co.

1923—1955

The company preceding this one in leadership, Pond Creek Coal Company, sold their interests to Henry Ford before founding this company (“New Coal,” 1923). They officially organized early in 1923, purchasing 2,500 acres in McDowell County served by the Norfolk & Western Railroad (“Pond Creek,” 1923). The company had the same leadership as the Island Creek Coal Company in Logan County (“Pond Creek Pocahontas,” 1925). The two would merge in 1955, with Island Creek remaining (“Mountain State Miscellany,” 1955).

Pond Creek Pocahontas Co., Bartley 5¢ coal scrip. Obverse.

Pond Creek Pocahontas Co., Bartley $1.00 coal scrip. Obverse.

Berwind

New River & Pocahontas Coal Co.

1904—1961

The New River & Pocahontas Coal Company emerged from a renaming of the Berwind-White Coal Mining Company in 1904 (Paul, 1906). This company, obviously given its name, originally owned the mines in Berwind, so N.R.&P. Coal Co. assumed ownership of those Berwind mines after they purchased the coal lands of W.P. Rend in Fayette and McDowell County—hence its name, referencing the New River and Pocahontas coal fields. Berwind was its first location in McDowell County (Paul, 1907). It was also the location of the main offices for their store company, N.R. & P. Stores (WV Sec. State, n.d.).

By 1905, they had four mines in Berwind: No. 1, No. 1 1/2, No. 2, and No. 3 (Paul, 1907). The superintendent and mine boss of 1 and 1 1/2 were L. Epperly and H.J. Reid, respectively. Epperly was the superintendent for all the mines in Berwind, but No. 2 and No. 3 had James Johnson as mine boss. All the mines worked the Pocahontas No. 3 coal seam, and had a combined miner workforce of 60.

In 1961, the mines at Berwind were transfered to Consol, ending New River & Pocahontas’ reign over the mine (“Consol Buys,” 1961).

An advertising piece included in briquets of coal by the Berwind branch of the New River & Pocahontas Coal Company.

Big Four

By-Products Pocahontas Co.

1921—19??

The By-Products Pocahontas Company first appears in Big Four in 1921 (Mercantile Agency, Sep. 1921). The only information about this company are the accidents that occurred at their mine. Charles W. Cockill was electrocuted in their mine in 1925 (“Charles W. Cockill,” 1925). And in 1926, a coal loader named William McDowell died when slate fell onto him and crushed him (“Welch Briefs,” 1926). I am unsure as to when this company closed.

By-Products Pocahontas Co., Algoma 25¢ coal scrip. Obverse.

Big Sandy

Hampton Roads Collieries Co. Inc.

1918—1927

Hampton Roads Collieries Co. first appears in Dun & Bradstreet in 1918, as a branch of Norfolk, Virginia (Mercantile Agency, Sep. 1918). That year, the company constructed 30 homes for miners, a clubhouse, a bathhouse, and a sewage system in Big Sandy (“News Of,” 1918). The last mention of the company I can find in newspapers is from 1926, when they placed an advertisement looking for 25 miners (“Male Help,” 1926). The last time their company appears in the annual mining report is in 1927, still located in Big Sandy (Lambie, 1927).

Hampton Roads Collieries Co. Inc., Big Sandy $5.00 coal scrip. Obverse.

Capels

Central Pocahontas Coal Co.

1907—1939

The Central Pocahontas Coal Company incorporated in Gary in 1907 by Edward O’Tolle, Howard N. Eavenson, F.D. Clifford, W.B. Hensel, and L.E. Woods (“What’s Doing,” 1907; WV Sec. State, n.d.). Harvey M. Wetzel was the superintendent until 1912, when he was killed by a collapse of a shuttlebottom which crushed him under slate (“Remains Of,” 1912). The incident almost killed the mine foreman as well.

In 1919, the company improved upon their company town, building a new store, 40 double houses, a movie theater with a billiard parlor, a barber shop, a lodge, and an ice cream shop (“Improvements at,” 1919). Some of these houses remain, but I suspect the other buildings are gone or in disrepair.

The families working for this company experience disasters as well, with separate incidents occurring in 1924 and 1927. In 1924, two miners for the company, Alonzo Larry and Morris Gravely (“Blast Was,” 1924), were killed in an explosion in the Shannon Branch mines in Capels (“Six Believed,” 1924).

In 1927, 8 miners were killed when open-faced lamps lit gas and coal dust, causing a blast to occur (Shannon Branch No. 3…, n.d.). Those killed include Luster Burke, Early Dockery, Will Griffin, Joe Gudger, Maxwell Howard, Valenty Koval, Harry Leeding, and Will Smith.

Per the West Virginia Secretary of State records, this company dissolved in 1939.

Central Pocahontas Coal Co., Capels $1.00 coal scrip. Obverse.

Caretta

Carter Coal Co. Inc.

1913—1950

The Carter Coal Company began as the Virginia-Pocahontas Coal Company, of which George Lafayette Carter was the president (“Trolley Line,” 1912). This company founded and built Caretta and Coalwood both with working starting in 1905. In 1913, the company changed its name to the Carter Coal Company (WV Sec. State, n.d.; “Coalwood News,” 1914).

Carter Coal Co. Inc., Caretta 25¢ coal scrip. Obverse.

Coalwood

Carter Coal Co.

1913—1922; 1933—1950

The Carter Coal Company began as the Virginia-Pocahontas Coal Company, of which George Lafayette Carter was the president (“Trolley Line,” 1912). This company founded and built Caretta and Coalwood both, beginning in 1905. In 1913, the company changed its name to the Carter Coal Company (WV Sec. State, n.d.; “Coalwood News,” 1914).

The Carter Coal Company sold Coalwood to the Consolidation Coal Company in 1922 (“Coal Output,” 1922; “Coalwood,” n.d.). They then regained ownership of the town and its mines in 1933, following the Consolidation Coal Company’s financial troubles after lengthy battles with the UMWA.

In 1947, the Carter Coal Company became a “captive mine” (meaning they were owned by another company to solely provide coal to that company’s manufacturing) to the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company to supply their blast furnaces with coal. In 1950, the company officially dissolved, having become the Olga Coal Company unofficially 3 years prior.

Carter Coal Co. Inc., Coalwood 1¢ coal scrip. Obverse.

Carter Coal Company, Coalwood 5¢ bottle check token. Obverse.

The Consolidation Coal Co.

1860—1991; 1922—1933 in Coalwood

The Consolidation Coal Company organized in Maryland in early 1860 (“Abstract Of,” 1860). Its first foray into West Virginia was in 1903, when it merged with the Fairmont Coal Company (“Coal Companies,” 1903; Cook, 2024)—this merger resulted in one of the largest coal companies to exist at the time.

As for its ownership to the mines and land of Coalwood, they purchased the town in 1922 (“Coal Output,” 1922) from the Carter Coal Company. Immediately, the company began planning expansions such as the construction of 150 additional houses in Coalwood (“150 Houses,” 1922).

This ownership lasted until 1933, when the Consolidation Coal Company sold the land and mines back to the Carter Coal Company due to Consolidation Coal Co.’s battles with the UMWA (“Coalwood,” n.d.).

The Consolidation Coal Co., Coalwood 1¢ coal scrip. Obverse.

The Consolidation Coal Co., Coalwood $1.00 coal scrip. Obverse.

Olga Coal Co.

1947—1998

The Olga Coal Company was born in 1947 from the purchase of Carter Coal Company, and Coalwood, by the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company (“Coalwood,” n.d.). This company operated Coalwood mines for the sole purpose of providing coal to the blast furnaces at the Youngstown company—this is called being a “captive mine.” After being absorbed by the LTV Corporation in 1977, production slowed until the mines in Coalwood officially shut down in 1986. The Olga Coal Company officially dissolved in 1998.

Olga Coal Company, Coalwood 1¢ coal scrip. Obverse.

Dan

Bradshaw Coal Co. Inc.

1918—1939

The Bradshaw Coal Company, Incorporated, chartered in 1918 in Lynchburg, Virginia (“Charters Issued,” 1918). The company shortly thereafter acquired the lands in McDowell County previously owned by the Bradshaw-Pocahontas Coal Company (“Coal Mines,” 1918). While most of Bradshaw is private property, part of Bradshaw—named Dan—was built up by this company in 1919 (“Bradshaw,” n.d.). Not too many details are available about this company’s operations in Dan. It quietly dissolved in 1939 and sold their operation to the Southern Coal Corporation in 1942.

Bradshaw Coal Co. Inc., Dan $1.00 coal scrip. Obverse.

Davy

Winding Gulf Collieries — Superior Stores

1929—1956

Winding Gulf Collieries incorporated in 1929 (WV Sec. State, n.d.).

Winding Gulf Collieries, Superior Stores, Davy $1.00 coal scrip. Obverse.

Eckman

Eureka Coal & Coke Co.

1892—1943

The Eureka Coal & Coke Company first chartered in 1892 to mine coal, manufacture coke, and have a general merchandise business (“Charters Granted,” 1892). The company said their office was at Dan’s Branch in McDowell County, which I presume to be the location of Eckman before its naming. All the owners were from Lynchburg, Virginia. The company began operations at the start of 1893, additionally building 200 coke ovens (“West Virginia Coal,” 1893).

Eureka Coal & Coke Co., Eckman 1¢ coal scrip. Obverse.

Pulaski Iron Co.

1893(?)—1945

The first mentions of the Pulaski Iron Company (as being in Eckman) occur in 1893 (“Notes From,” 1893) when a news article discusses the new railway connections for the company in Eckman. CoalCampUSA asserts, however, the company mined coal in Eckman from 1897 to 1945 (“Miscellaneous Scenes from McDowell,” n.d.). Any mentions of them and their store in newspapers end after 1939 (Rinso, 1939), but I will use the 1945 date as the final year.

In 1906, six people died from the explosion of 400 powder kegs outside the Pulaski Iron Company mine (United States Mine Rescue Association, n.d.). The deceased included Panthena Rhodes, Joseph Steel, Ad. Mullens, Ales Finney, Martha Johnson, and James Witcher.

The company dissolved in 1945 (WV Sec. Staten, n.d.).

Pulaski Iron Co., Eckman $1.00 coal scrip. Obverse.

Eight

N(ew) R(iver) & P(ocahontas) Stores

1915—1933

The New River & Pocahontas Stores company originally incorporated in 1915 in Berwind as a mercantile business, with a capital stock of $500,000 (“State Issuing,” 1915). It served as the sort of chain company store for the New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Company, setting up shop in all towns in which the coal company was present.

Eight was what they named the Berwind No. 8 mine, up the hollow from Newhall on Cucumber Creek (Lambie, 1929), which had its own separate company store from the Newhall mines (“Newhall,” n.d.). The No. 8 mine closed in 1933.

N.R. & P. Stores, Eight 25¢ coal scrip. Obverse.

Elkhorn

Crozer Coal & Coke Co.

1887—

The Crozer Coal & Coke Company chartered in 1887 to do business at “Weston” in McDowell County (“A Charter,” 1887)—the original name of that locality. The company built and founded Elkhorn, with the post office being established in 1888 (“Elkhorn, WV,” n.d.).

Houston Coal & Coke Co.

1887—1933

Houston C. & C. Co., Elkhorn 1¢ coal scrip. Obverse.

Houston Coal & Coke Co., Elkhorn 25¢ coal scrip. Obverse.

Upland Coal & Coke Co.

1891—1944

English

Bare Pocahontas Coal Co.

19??—19??

Ennis

Turkey Gap Coal & Coke Co.

1887—1952

Excelsior

Excelsior Pocahontas Stores Co.

1910—1931

Hartwell

N. R. & P. Stores Co.

Hartwell

Havaco

N. R. & P. Stores Co.

1915—1960

Havaco was founded in 1915 by the New River & Pocahontas Coal Company which began mining there (Mercantile Agency, Sep. 1915; “Fatalities,” 1915). That first year, on July 23, they had their first fatality: a miner named R.E. Fleming died from slate falling on him. In fact, many deaths occurred at this mine. The following year, Dow Canady was killed after being stuck between a motor and a band of coal (“Miner Loses,” 1916). In fact, the vast majority of articles containing the name of this mine revolve around fatalities that have occurred there.

The worst mining disaster that befell the workers at this mine occurred in 1946. On January 15, a blast trapped 150 miners for several hours and killed 15 others (US Mine Rescue Association, n.d.), though this count varies by source. The known dead include Luther Tolley, Earl Bechler, Alber Miller, Luther Calent, William Cooper, Ernest Bell, Ira Alderson, Earl Carter, James Gibson, and Ed Ambern. The other 5 were unable to be identified. The explosion was so powerful that it severely damaged nearby buildings outside the mine.

The New River & Pocahontas Coal Co. continued operating the mines until 1960, when it closed and laid off 150 miners (“McDowell Dealt,” 1960).

N. R. & P. Stores, Havaco 1¢ coal scrip. Obverse.

N. R. & P. Stores, Havaco $1.00 coal scrip. Obverse.

Hemphill

Kingston-Pocahontas Coal Co.

1922—1947

According to the West Virginia Secretary of State records, this company chartered in 1900 as the Big Sandy Coal & Coke Company, then changing its name to the Solvay Collieries Company in 1910, and finally becoming this company in 1922. This final name reflects their two mining locations: Kingston in Fayette County, and the Pocahontas coal field (“Coal Company,” 1911).

Their Kingston location experienced some early coal wars activities. In 1912, a group of striking miners ambushed general employees (seemingly, scabs) for the company near Mossy in Fayette County (“Guerrilla War,” 1912). None of the ambushed were killed, but the three mules accompanying them were. Possibly adding context, most of the articles pertaining to this company are about deaths at their mines.

Kingston-Pocahontas Coal Company. 1¢. Obverse.

Kingston-Pocahontas Coal Company. 1¢. Reverse.

Allied Chemical & Dye Corporation, Semet-Solvay Division

1941—1958, 1938—1948

This company is the result of a 1947 merger between the Kingston-Pocahontas Coal Company and the Semet-Solvay Company, with the former taking the latter’s name (WV Sec. State, n.d.). This mine closed in 1949 (“McDowell Mine,” 1949). The Semet-Solvay Company itself was a coke company based in Benwood, and was owned by the Allied Chemical & Dye Corporation.

Hensley

J.B.B. Coal Co.

1905—1921

This company had their No. 2 and No. 3 mine at Hensley (Laing, 1912), which combined into just the No. 3 mine later on (Henry, 1916).

J.B.B. Coal Co., Hensley 1¢ coal scrip. Obverse.

Isaban

Isaban Coal Company

1934—1938

Jenkinjones

Pocahontas Fuel Co.

1903—1909

Pocahontas Fuel Co., Jenkinjones No. 8 Mine. $1.00 coal scrip. Obverse.

Keystone

Keystone Coal & Coke Co.

1890—1936

Kimball

Houston Collieries Co.

1902—1936

King Coal Co.

1902—1934

Tidewater Coal & Coke Co.

1891—1934

Tidewater Coal & Coke Co., Kimball $5.00 coal scrip. Obverse.

Kyle

Lynchburg Coal & Coke Co.

1891—1936(?)

The first mention of the Lynchburg Coal & Coke Company I can come across is a stakeholder meeting they held at their office in Elkhorn in 1891 (“Stakeholders’ Meetings,” 1891). Another blurb from 1891 stated that, in March, the company loaded and shipped their first car of coal, so I presume it began operations in 1891 (“Personal And,” 1891). The president at this time was R.H. Adams and Allen W. Talley was treasurer. I suspect their stated office location was Elkhorn due to Kyle not existing as a town yet.

By 1898, they were listed in Kyle proper (Paul, 1900). The last mention I can find is them listed in an advertisement in 1936 (Bluefield Supply Co., 1936).

Lynchburg Coal & Coke Co., Kyle 1¢ coal scrip. Obverse.

Landgraff

Empire Coal & Coke Co.

1890—1938

Vera Pocahontas Coal Co. No. 3

1920—19??

The Vera Pocahontas Coal Company organized in 1920 (“Charters Issued,” 1920).

Vera Pocahontas Coal Co. No. 3, Landgraff 25¢ coal scrip. Obverse.

References

150 houses planned. (1922, August 7). The Fairmont West Virginian, 4.

Abstract of senate bills passed. (1860, March 16). The Baltimore Sun, 1.

Algoma, WV. (n.d.). Coal Camp USA. https://coalcampusa.com/sowv/flattop/algoma-wv-coal-camp/algoma-wv-coal-camp.htm

A charter has been issued… (1887, August 5). Spirit of Jefferson, 3.

Blast was almost directly under Welch hospital. (1924, December 13). Bluefield Daily Telegraph, 1.

Bluefield Supply Co. (1936, August 23). New 1937 Philco [advertisement]. Bluefield Daily Telegraph, 24.

Bradshaw, WV. (n.d.). Coal Camp USA. https://coalcampusa.com/sowv/flattop/bradshaw-wv/bradshaw-wv.htm

Capital news. (1918, February 7). The Wheeling Intelligencer, 9.

Charles W. Cockill is to be buried at Pearisburg. (1925, January 25). Bluefield Daily Telegraph, 13.

Charters granted. (1892, February 19). The Daily Register, 2.

Charters issued. (1918, June 2). Richmond Times-Dispatch, 52.

Charters issued. (1920, December 8). The Wheeling Intelligencer, 6.

Coal companies have consolidated. (1903, January 7). The Daily Telegram, 1.

Coal company changes name. (1911, January 19). The Independent-Herald, 5.

Coal mines acquired near Bluefield. (1918, June 16). Richmond-Times Dispatch, 19.

Coal output. (1922, March 16). The Fairmont West Virginian, 4.

Coalwood news. (1914, May 22). The McDowell Times, 3.

Coalwood, WV. (n.d.). Coal Camp USA. https://www.coalcampusa.com/sowv/flattop/coalwood/coalwood.htm

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Consol buys 4 properties in McDowell. (1961, August 23). The Charleston Daily Mail, 6.

Fatalities. (1915, August 19). The Clarksburg Daily Telegram, 14.

Guerrilla war opens. (1912, November 13). The Wheeling Intelligencer, 1.

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Improvements at Capels. (1919, July 18). The Charleston Daily Mail, 12.

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Lambie, R.M. (1927). Annual report of the Department of Mines 1927.

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Male help wanted. (1926, September 14). Bluefield Daily Telegraph, 12.

McDowell dealt another blow. (1960, December 2). Hinton Daily News, 1.

McDowell mine may not reopen. (1949, March 17). The Raleigh Register, 13.

Miner loses life. (1916, January 6). The Charleston Daily Mail, 8.

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Mountain state miscellany. (1955, September 12). The Raleigh Register, 2.

New coal development planned. (1923, February 19). The Evening Sun, 16.

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Personal and laconic. (1891, April 2). Flat Top Monitor, 3.

Pond Creek Pocahontas Co. has organized. (1923, February 20). The Boston Globe, 1923.

Pond Creek Pocahontas gets off to good start. (1925, March 14). Bluefield Daily Telegraph, 6.

Remains of mine man taken to his old home. (1912, May 22). Bluefield Daily Telegraph, 3.

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Shannon Branch No. 3 mine explosion. (n.d.). Mine Disasters in the United States. https://usminedisasters.miningquiz.com/saxsewell/shannon_1927.htm

Six believed dead in coal mine disaster. (1924, December 12). Bluefield Daily Telegraph, 1.

Stakeholders’ meetings. (1891, April 2). Flat Top Monitor, 2.

State issuing new charters. (1915, June 25). The West Virginian, 6.

Trolley line to connect Caretta to Coalwood. (1912, April 7). Bluefield Daily Telegraph, 3.

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Washington news gossip. (1920, February 23). The Fairmont West Virginian, 11.

Welch briefs. (1926, July 31). Bluefield Daily Telegraph, 9.

West Virginia coal and coke. (1893, January 15). Wheeling Sunday Register, 10.

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West Virginia Secretary of State. (n.d.). Business entity details: Atlantic Smokeless Coal Company. https://apps.wv.gov/SOS/BusinessEntitySearch/Details.aspx?Id=4G70ii07vIlr9ASK3Qi6Dw==&Search=mPkOFhFoC9+o41OezrWI99RA+Smg8UlbmuYYWTYwCQY%3d&Page=0

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West Virginia Secretary of State. (n.d.). Business entity details: Central Pocahontas Coal Company. https://apps.wv.gov/SOS/BusinessEntitySearch/Details.aspx?Id=FvhSjYC9TszDF6yQLiCX8A==&Search=QtjkLE2FfYR2BEwpVntjycEtnk2ewKvozLclKFchJ5E%3d&Page=0

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What’s doing in the state. (1907, August 13). Bluefield Evening Leader, 2.